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Variable frequency drive VFD VVFD Direct torque controller DTC

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What is the function of a VFD with an electric motor? Variable frequency drive VFD is sometimes known as VVVFD is a special type of motor drive that runs an induction motor on the variable frequency and variable voltage. By varying the frequency and voltage of an induction motor, the variable motor speed is achieved. Variable frequency drive is also capable of ramping up or ramping down a motor. Ramping up and ramping down feature provides a motor soft starting and soft starting feature which is a very useful feature for an industrial motor to control starting torque and jerk on an induction motor. Also, the ramping-up feature reduces electrical jerk on the power line when a motor is started from a standstill. The following circuit diagram illustrates the basic electrical wiring for a VFD system. In this diagram single phase, AC input is shown and the VFD provides three-phase power to the delta-connected three-phase motor. There are several VFDs available that accept three-phase line p...

Data cable whole sale price in Pakistan

  What is the wholesale price for data cable in Pakistan? Types of Data Cables: There are three main types of data cables commonly used everywhere. They are Micro USB type, C type data cable, and Apple IOs data cable. Type C and Micro USB cables are very commonly used in Pakistan. They are cheap too compared to IOs data cables. Such cables are used to charge and data transfer for mobile cellphones and tablet computers. There are different qualities of such data cables. Low quality, Regular quality, Good Quality, and Premium quality cables. Also, there are two further types of such cables. They are data transfer type cables and only charging type cables. Prices differ for both types and depend upon the quality of cable too. Price of data cable: Data cable price starts from Rs. 55 to Rs 800 in shops for a regular customer for a single piece. But they are available for a very low price as wholesale for a couple of dozens of pieces. Wholesale prices start from Rs. 25 to Rs100 for a pie...

What are Power Electronics Devices?

  What are Power Electronics Devices? Ł¾Ų§ŁˆŲ± Ų§Ł„ŪŒŚ©Ł¹Ų±Ų§Ł†Ś©Ų³ Ś©ŪŒŲ§ ŪŪŒŚŗŲŸ ŲŖŲ¹Ų±ŪŒŁ ŲµŲ§Ł Ų³ŲŖŚ¾Ų±Ū’ Ł…Ų§Ų­ŁˆŁ„ Ś©Ū’ Ł„ŪŒŪ’ ŲØŲ±Ł‚ŪŒ Ś©Ų§Ų±ŪŒ Ł¾Ų± ŲØŚ‘Ś¾ŲŖŪŒ ŪŁˆŲ¦ŪŒ ŲŖŁˆŲ¬Ū Ł†Ū’ Ł…Ų®ŲŖŁ„Ł Ų“Ś©Ł„ŁˆŚŗ Ł…ŪŒŚŗ ŲØŲ¬Ł„ŪŒ Ś©ŪŒ Ų¶Ų±ŁˆŲ±ŲŖ Ś©Łˆ ŪŁˆŲ§ ŲÆŪŒ ŪŪ’Ū” Ł¾Ų§ŁˆŲ± Ų§Ł„ŪŒŚ©Ł¹Ų±Ų§Ł†Ś©Ų³ Ų§Ł„ŪŒŚ©Ł¹Ų±ŪŒŚ©Ł„ Ų§Ł†Ų¬ŪŒŁ†Ų¦Ų±Ł†ŚÆ Ś©ŪŒ ŁˆŪ Ų“Ų§Ų® ŪŪ’ Ų¬Łˆ ŲØŲ¬Ł„ŪŒ Ś©ŪŒ ŁŲ±Ų§ŪŁ…ŪŒ Ś©Ū’ Ł„ŪŒŪ’ ŪŲ§Ų¦ŪŒ ŁˆŁˆŁ„Ł¹ŪŒŲ¬Ų² Ų§ŁˆŲ± Ś©Ų±Ł†Ł¹ Ś©ŪŒ Ł¾Ų±ŁˆŲ³ŪŒŲ³Ł†ŚÆ Ų³Ū’ Ł…ŲŖŲ¹Ł„Ł‚ ŪŪ’ Ų¬Łˆ Ł…Ų®ŲŖŁ„Ł Ų¶Ų±ŁˆŲ±ŪŒŲ§ŲŖ Ś©Łˆ Ł¾ŁˆŲ±Ų§ Ś©Ų±ŲŖŪŒ ŪŪ’Ū” ŚÆŚ¾Ų±ŪŒŁ„Łˆ Ų§Ł„ŪŒŚ©Ł¹Ų±Ų§Ł†Ś©Ų³ Ų³Ū’ Ł„Ū’ Ś©Ų± Ų®Ł„Ų§Ų¦ŪŒ Ų§ŪŒŁ¾Ł„ŪŒ Ś©ŪŒŲ“Ł†Ų² Ś©Ū’ Ų¢Ł„Ų§ŲŖ ŲŖŚ©ŲŒ Ų§Ł† ŲŖŁ…Ų§Ł… Ų¹Ł„Ų§Ł‚ŁˆŚŗ Ś©Łˆ Ł…Ų·Ł„ŁˆŲØŪ ŲŖŲµŲ±ŪŒŲ­Ų§ŲŖ Ś©Ū’ Ų³Ų§ŲŖŚ¾ Ł…Ų³ŲŖŲ­Ś©Ł… Ų§ŁˆŲ± Ł‚Ų§ŲØŁ„ Ų§Ų¹ŲŖŁ…Ų§ŲÆ ŲØŲ±Ł‚ŪŒ Ų·Ų§Ł‚ŲŖ Ś©ŪŒ Ų¶Ų±ŁˆŲ±ŲŖ ŪŪ’Ū” Ų§ŪŒŚ© Ų“Ś©Ł„ Ł…ŪŒŚŗ Ł¾Ų§ŁˆŲ± Ų³Ł¾Ł„Ų§Ų¦ŪŒ Ś©Łˆ Ł¾Ų§ŁˆŲ± Ų³ŪŒŁ…ŪŒ Ś©Ł†ŚˆŚ©Ł¹Ų± Ų³ŁˆŲ¦Ś†Ų² Ų§ŁˆŲ± Ś©Ł†Ł¹Ų±ŁˆŁ„ Ł…ŪŒŚ©Ų§Ł†Ų²Ł… Ś©Ų§ Ų§Ų³ŲŖŲ¹Ł…Ų§Ł„ Ś©Ų±ŲŖŪ’ ŪŁˆŲ¦Ū’ ŲÆŁˆŲ³Ų±ŪŒ Ų“Ś©Ł„ Ł…ŪŒŚŗ Ł¾Ų±ŁˆŲ³ŪŒŲ³ Ś©ŪŒŲ§ Ų¬Ų§ŲŖŲ§ ŪŪ’ŲŒ Ų§ŪŒŚ© Ų±ŪŒŚÆŁˆŁ„ŪŒŁ¹Śˆ Ų§ŁˆŲ± Ś©Ł†Ł¹Ų±ŁˆŁ„Śˆ Ł¾Ų§ŁˆŲ± Ų³Ł¾Ł„Ų§Ų¦ŪŒ Ś©Ų±ŲŖŲ§ ŪŪ’Ū” Ų¬ŲØ Ś©Ū Ų³ŁˆŲ¦Ś†Śˆ Ł…ŁˆŚˆ Ł¾Ų§ŁˆŲ± Ų³Ł¾Ł„Ų§Ų¦ŪŒŲ² Ł¾Ų§ŁˆŲ± Ų§Ł„ŪŒŚ©Ł¹Ų±Ų§Ł†Ś©Ų³ Ś©Ų§ Ų§ŪŒŚ© Ų¹Ų§Ł… Ų§Ų³ŲŖŲ¹Ł…Ų§Ł„ ŪŪ’ Ų¬ŪŲ§Śŗ ŲØŲ¬Ł„ŪŒ Ś©ŪŒ Ś©Ų«Ų§ŁŲŖŲŒ ŁˆŲ“ŁˆŲ³Ł†ŪŒŪŒŲŖŲ§ Ų§ŁˆŲ± Ś©Ų§Ų±Ś©Ų±ŲÆŚÆŪŒ Ų³ŲØ Ų³Ū’ Ų²ŪŒŲ§ŲÆŪ Ų§ŪŁ…ŪŒŲŖ Ś©ŪŒ Ų­Ų§Ł…Ł„ ŪŪ’ŲŒ Ł…ŁˆŁ¹Ų± Ś©Ł†Ł¹Ų±ŁˆŁ„ Ł†Ł‚Ł„ Łˆ Ų­Ł…Ł„ Ś©Ū’ Ł†ŲøŲ§Ł… Ł…ŪŒŚŗ Ł…Ų²ŪŒŲÆ ŲØŲ±Ł‚ŪŒ Ś©Ų§Ų±ŪŒ Ś©Ū’ Ų³Ų§ŲŖŚ¾ ŲŖŪŒŲ§Ų± ŪŁˆ Ų±ŪŲ§ ŪŪ’Ū” Ų¹ŪŒŁ† Ł…Ų·Ų§ŲØŁ‚ Ś©Ł†Ł¹Ų±ŁˆŁ„ Ų§ŁˆŲ± Ś©Ų§Ų±Ś©Ų±ŲÆŚÆŪŒ Ł¾Ų§ŁˆŲ± Ś©Ł†Ł¹Ų±ŁˆŁ„ Ų§ŪŒŁ¾Ł„ŪŒ Ś©ŪŒŲ“Ł†Ų² Ś©Ū’ Ł„ŪŒŪ’ Ś©Ł„ŪŒŲÆŪŒ Ų®ŲµŁˆŲµŪŒŲ§ŲŖ ŪŪŒŚŗŪ” Ł¾Ų§ŁˆŲ± Ų§Ł„ŪŒŚ©Ł¹Ų±Ų§Ł†Ś©Ų³ Ś©Ų§ Ł…Ų·Ų§Ł„Ų¹Ū Ų§Ų³ Ų·Ų±Ų­ Ś©Ų«ŪŒŲ± Ų§Ł„Ų«ŲØŲ§ŲŖŪŒ ŪŪ’ŲŒ Ų¬Ų³ Ł…ŪŒŚŗ Ų³ŪŒŁ…...

UNDERSTANDING COMMON TRANSMISSION ERROR CODES

UNDERSTANDING COMMON TRANSMISSION ERROR CODES Ų¢Ł¾ Ś©Ū’ ŚˆŪŒŲ“ ŲØŁˆŲ±Śˆ Ł¾Ų± Ų§Ł†ŲŖŲØŲ§ŪŪŒ Ų±ŁˆŲ“Ł†ŪŒ Ś©Ū’ Ų§Ś†Ų§Ł†Ś© Ł†Ł…ŁˆŲÆŲ§Ų± ŪŁˆŁ†Ū’ ŪŒŲ§ Ų¢Ł¾ Ś©Ū’ Ł¹Ų±Ų§Ł†Ų³Ł…ŪŒŲ“Ł† Ų³Ū’ Ł¾Ś‘Ś¾Ł†Ū’ Ł…ŪŒŚŗ Ų®Ų±Ų§ŲØŪŒ Ų³Ū’ ŲØŚ‘Ś¾ Ś©Ų± Ś©ŁˆŲ¦ŪŒ ŲØŲ±ŪŒ Ś†ŪŒŲ² Ł†ŪŪŒŚŗ ŪŪ’Ū” Ų³ŲØ Ų³Ū’ Ų¹Ų§Ł… Ł¹Ų±Ų§Ł†Ų³Ł…ŪŒŲ“Ł† Ų³Ū’ Ł…ŲŖŲ¹Ł„Ł‚Ū Ų§ŪŒŲ±Ų± Ś©ŁˆŚˆŲ² ŲÆŲ±ŪŒŲ§ŁŲŖ Ś©Ų±ŪŒŚŗŲŒ Ų§ŁˆŲ± Ų¬Ų§Ł†ŪŒŚŗ Ś©Ū Ų¬ŲØ ŁˆŪ Ł¾Ų§Ł¾ Ų§Ł¾ ŪŁˆŲ¬Ų§Ų¦ŪŒŚŗ ŲŖŁˆ Ś©ŁˆŁ† Ų³Ū’ Ų§Ł‚ŲÆŲ§Ł…Ų§ŲŖ Ś©Ų±Ł†Ū’ ŪŪŒŚŗŪ” Ų¢Ł¾ Ś©ŪŒ ŚÆŲ§Ś‘ŪŒ Ł…ŪŒŚŗ Ł…Ų“ŪŒŁ†Ų±ŪŒ Ś©Ū’ Ų¶Ų±ŁˆŲ±ŪŒ Ł¹Ś©Ś‘ŁˆŚŗ Ł…ŪŒŚŗ Ų³Ū’ Ų§ŪŒŚ© Ų¢Ł¾ Ś©ŪŒ Ł¹Ų±Ų§Ł†Ų³Ł…ŪŒŲ“Ł† ŪŪ’Ū” ŚÆŪŒŲ¦Ų±Ų²ŲŒ ŪŲ§Ų¦ŪŒŚˆŲ±ŁˆŁ„Ś©Ų³ Ų§ŁˆŲ± ŚˆŲ³Ś©Ų³ Ś©Ų§ ŪŒŪ Ł¾ŪŒŚ†ŪŒŲÆŪ Ų§ŁˆŲ± Ų¬ŲÆŪŒŲÆ Ų³ŪŒŁ¹ Ų§Ų³ ŲØŲ§ŲŖ Ś©Łˆ ŪŒŁ‚ŪŒŁ†ŪŒ ŲØŁ†Ų§Ł†Ū’ Ł…ŪŒŚŗ Ł…ŲÆŲÆ Ś©Ų±Ł†Ū’ Ś©Ū’ Ł„ŪŒŪ’ Ų°Ł…Ū ŲÆŲ§Ų± ŪŪ’ Ś©Ū Ų¢Ł¾ Ś©ŪŒ Ś©Ų§Ų± Ų¢Ų³Ų§Ł†ŪŒ Ų³Ū’ ŲŖŪŒŲ² Ų§ŁˆŲ± Ų³Ų³ŲŖ ŪŁˆŪ”   Ų²ŪŒŲ§ŲÆŪ ŲŖŲ± Ų¬ŲÆŪŒŲÆ ŚÆŲ§Ś‘ŪŒŁˆŚŗ Ł…ŪŒŚŗŲŒ ŚˆŲ±Ų§Ų¦ŪŒŁˆŁ†ŚÆ Ś©Ū’ ŲÆŁˆŲ±Ų§Ł† Ł…Ų®ŲŖŁ„Ł Ų±ŁŲŖŲ§Ų± Ų³Ū’ ŚÆŪŒŲ¦Ų±Ų² Ś©Ū’ ŲÆŲ±Ł…ŪŒŲ§Ł† ŪŁ…ŁˆŲ§Ų± Ų­Ų±Ś©ŲŖ ŁŲ±Ų§ŪŁ… Ś©Ų±Ł†Ū’ Ł…ŪŒŚŗ Ł…ŲÆŲÆ Ś©Ū’ Ł„ŪŒŪ’ Ų®ŁˆŲÆŚ©Ų§Ų± Ł¹Ų±Ų§Ł†Ų³Ł…ŪŒŲ“Ł†Ų² Ł†ŲµŲØ Ś©ŪŒŪ’ Ų¬Ų§ŲŖŪ’ ŪŪŒŚŗŪ” Ų¢Ł¹ŁˆŁ…ŪŒŁ¹Ś© Ł¹Ų±Ų§Ł†Ų³Ł…ŪŒŲ“Ł† Ų³Ų³Ł¹Ł… Ś©Ū’ Ų³Ų§ŲŖŚ¾ŲŒ Ł„Ų§ŲŖŲ¹ŲÆŲ§ŲÆ Ų§Ł„ŪŒŚ©Ł¹Ų±Ų§Ł†Ś© Ų³ŪŒŁ†Ų³Ų±Ų² Ł¹Ų±Ų§Ł†Ų³Ł…ŪŒŲ“Ł† ŪŒŁˆŁ†Ł¹ Ś©ŪŒ Ų­Ų§Ł„ŲŖ Ś©Łˆ Ł…Ų§Ł†ŪŒŁ¹Ų± Ś©Ų±ŲŖŪ’ ŪŪŒŚŗŪ” Ų§ŚÆŲ± Ś©Ś†Ś¾ ŲŗŪŒŲ± Ł…ŲŖŁˆŁ‚Ų¹ ŪŁˆ Ų¬Ų§Ų¦Ū’ ŲŖŁˆŲŒ Ų³ŪŒŁ†Ų³Ų± ŚˆŲ±Ų§Ų¦ŪŒŁˆŲ± Ś©Łˆ Ų¢ŚÆŲ§Ū Ś©Ų±Ū’ ŚÆŲ§ Ś©Ū Ś©Ś†Ś¾ ŲŗŁ„Ų· ŪŪ’Ū”   Ł¹Ų±Ų§Ł†Ų³Ł…ŪŒŲ“Ł† ŁˆŲ§Ų±Ł†Ł†ŚÆ Ł„Ų§Ų¦Ł¹ ŪŒŲ§ Ų§ŪŒŲ±Ų± Ś©ŁˆŚˆ Ś©Ų§ Ų§Ś†Ų§Ł†Ś© ŲøŲ§ŪŲ± ŪŁˆŁ†Ų§ Ų®Ų·Ų±Ł†Ų§Ś© ŪŁˆ Ų³Ś©ŲŖŲ§ ŪŪ’Ū” ŲŖŲ§ŪŁ…ŲŒ ŪŒŪ Ų¬Ų§Ł†Ł†Ų§ Ś©Ū Ų§Ł† Ś©ŁˆŚˆŲ² Ś©Łˆ Ś©ŪŒŲ³Ū’ Ł¾Ś‘Ś¾Ł†Ų§ ŪŪ’ Ų§ŁˆŲ± Ś©ŁˆŁ† Ų³Ū’ Ų§Ł‚ŲÆŲ§Ł…Ų§ŲŖ Ś©Ų±Ł†Ū’ ŪŪŒŚŗ ŲŗŪŒŲ± Ł…ŲŖŁˆŁ‚Ų¹ Ų­Ų§Ł„Ų§ŲŖ ...

What is oscillator. How oscillator works. Types and kinds of oscillators. Crystal oscillator.

  hey friends welcome to the Blog all about electronics in this video we will talk about the electronic oscillator and we will learn about the basic working principle of the oscillator now the electronic oscillators are used in wide range of applications they are used in laptop and smartphone processors for generating the clock signals while they are used in the radio and mobile receivers for generating the local carrier frequency and even they are used in the single donators which is used in the lab to test the circuits so this oscillator accepts the DC voltage and it generates the periodic a signal of the desired frequency now the oscillators can generate the frequencies from few hurts to even gigahertz now the output of the oscillator can be either a sinusoidal signal or a nine sinusoidal signal like a square wave and the triangular wave now in simple dumps this oscillator circuit is nothing but the amplifier which is given a positive feedback so let us understand the working pr...

What is LED. How LED works. Light Emitting Diode.

  One of the most common ways to generate light nowadays is by using a light emitting diode or led like the rest of the diodes as we saw in a previous lessons one of its characteristics is that it only allows the passage of electric current in one direction but we didn't talk about why they emit light so in this lesson we will see how an led works led lights have several features that make them one of the preferred options to illuminate such as having low energy consumption greater impact resistance and a longer lifespan and because of this they are available in many different formats but instead of going directly to analyze an led we will start reviewing how a common diode works because in theory these can also emit light it's just that they do it in an inefficient way if we have a circuit with a lamp and a power source energy will pass freely this is because electrons can move freely between metal atoms and when connected to the power source they are forced to move by adding ...